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The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)dementia complex is a frequent and devastating complication of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1(HIV-1).Features of the AIDS dementia complex include decreased memory,the inability to concentrate,apathy,and psychomotor retardation.Typical neuropathologic findings include gliosis,focal necrosis of neurons,perivascular inflammation,formation of microglial nodules,multinucleated giant cells,and demyelination.That HIV-1 is the direct cause of this neurologic syndrome is strongly supported by the available evidence.In addition,several studies have identified the monocyte-macrophage as the predominant cell type in the brain infected with HIV-1.However,the mechanisms by which the infected monocytes- macrophages mediate neurologic dysfunction and destruction have not been elucidated. |
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